Can bleeding occur during pregnancy? Is bleeding in early pregnancy always dangerous? Menstruation while carrying a child

- a sign that can occur regardless of the period of embryogenesis and indicates ongoing changes in the body of a woman. It can be observed with spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, Rh conflict, placenta previa and other conditions. This manifestation can develop against the background of general well-being or be accompanied by painful sensations in the lower abdomen, lower back, and sacrum. Diagnosis of bleeding during pregnancy is carried out on the basis of data from a gynecological examination, an ultrasound assessment of the condition of the patient and the fetus. The treatment of this pathological symptom is determined by its cause and is prescribed exclusively by a specialist.

General information

Bleeding during pregnancy is an obstetric symptom, indicating the possible development of a number of disorders, the cause of which can be both physiological changes in the body of a woman after conception, and pathological conditions. Only an obstetrician-gynecologist can finally find out the etiology of such a manifestation after a complete examination. Bleeding during pregnancy occurs in about one in five patients. In 50%, they indicate pathological changes and end in spontaneous miscarriage. In half of the patients, the symptom is physiological in nature. Bleeding occurs more often in the first and third trimester of embryogenesis.

The danger of bleeding during pregnancy lies in the fact that a variety of factors can provoke them, including those that pose a threat to the mother and fetus. In some situations, there are no other pathological signs. Any bleeding during pregnancy should be a reason for immediate medical attention. Only a specialist is able to assess the danger to the health of a woman and the fetus, as well as decide on further tactics. Timely assistance provided even with an abnormal course of pregnancy allows you to continue its management and save the life of the child.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy can occur at any time of embryogenesis, develops both against the background of physiological changes in the woman's body, and as a result of the formation of a certain obstetric pathology. In the early stages, half of the women have a slight separation of blood due to the implantation of the fetal egg in the uterine cavity. Such bleeding during pregnancy is often regarded by the patient as menstrual, so she does not seek medical help, which in the future may make it difficult to determine the timing of embryogenesis. A similar symptom is possible with insufficient production of progesterone in the early stages of gestation.

The most common cause of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy in the first trimester is spontaneous miscarriage. This symptom appears both with a just-started and with a complete abortion. Approximately 6 weeks after conception, the symptom occurs with an ectopic attachment of the fetal egg. Also, bleeding during pregnancy at this time may indicate Rh conflict, fetal fading. Similar manifestations are characteristic of women suffering from varicose veins that feed the uterus. In this case, bleeding during pregnancy is due to increased blood supply to the tissues.

Bleeding during pregnancy in the second trimester is diagnosed much less frequently, in about 5-10% of all cases of gestation. As a rule, the symptom is due to pathological changes and in most cases indicates spontaneous late abortion or isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Sometimes the separation of blood from the genital tract is observed with intrauterine fetal death. Bleeding during pregnancy in the third trimester also always speaks of the development of gestation pathology. The most common cause is placenta previa. In this case, the embryonic organ completely or partially covers the uterine os, while due to the high load on the lower segment, placental micro-ruptures occur, which causes a similar symptom.

Less commonly, bleeding during pregnancy in the third trimester is due to premature detachment of a normally located placenta. In this situation, there is a high threat to the life of the fetus. The danger also lies in the fact that initially internal bleeding develops during pregnancy or the formation of a hematoma, and only then the blood flows out. The rarest, but most dangerous for the life of the mother and child, the cause of the development of this symptom is uterine rupture. Such a complication is diagnosed in the presence of a scar on the myometrium and tissue overstretching, provoked by polyhydramnios, a large fetus or multiple pregnancies. It is extremely rare that bleeding during pregnancy occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the membranes or umbilical cord vessels.

Also, bleeding during pregnancy can be triggered by causes that appear at any stage of embryogenesis. Such reasons include benign neoplasms - fibroids, polyposis growths in the cervical canal and uterine cavity. Often bleeding during pregnancy occurs in women with cervical erosion. Sometimes a sign occurs due to increased blood circulation in the pelvic organs. The risk of developing a symptom is also present with violent sexual intercourse, significant physical exertion, concomitant cardiovascular diseases associated with a weakening of the endothelium.

Classification and symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy

Depending on the origin of bleeding, two groups can be distinguished:

• Physiological bleeding during pregnancy- arise as a result of the restructuring of the body, do not pose a threat to the health and life of the fetus or mother.
• Pathological bleeding during pregnancy- indicate its abnormal course, may be accompanied by a risk to the life and health of a woman and a baby, require immediate medical attention.

The clinic of bleeding during pregnancy directly depends on the cause of this symptom. Isolation of blood from the genital tract in the early stages of embryogenesis, provoked by physiological changes, proceeds against the background of general well-being. Bleeding during pregnancy, which has developed due to the presence of polyps, erosion, fibroids in most cases also does not cause disturbances in well-being. In this case, there is a slight release of biological fluid - just a few drops, the symptom is of a short-term nature. More abundant, similar to menstrual, will be bleeding during pregnancy associated with a deficiency of progesterone.

In the case of bleeding during pregnancy associated with its spontaneous interruption, the patient is worried about constant or cramping pain in the lumbosacral region, abdomen. Additionally, nausea, dizziness, malaise, and a slight increase in body temperature may occur. Bleeding during pregnancy in this case can be of varying intensity, often in the discharge there are pieces of tissue. With an ectopic attachment of the fetal egg, as well as with a rupture of the uterus, a serious threat to the life of a woman arises. In such a situation, internal bleeding initially develops during pregnancy, and only then do pathological discharges from the external genital tract appear. There is acute pain in the abdomen with irradiation to the anal region, the lateral parts of the body. With significant blood loss, a state of shock occurs with a threat of death.

Bleeding during pregnancy in the later stages is also not always accompanied by a detailed clinical picture. In the case of placenta previa, this is the only symptom that should cause alertness in a woman and become a reason for contacting an obstetrician-gynecologist. As for the premature detachment of a correctly attached placenta, in this case, bleeding during pregnancy develops against the background of uterine hypertonicity, there is pain in the abdomen, deterioration in general well-being. During cardiac monitoring of the fetus, there is a violation of the heart rate, motor activity.

Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding during pregnancy

To identify the cause of bleeding during pregnancy, a gynecological examination of a woman is performed. With changes in physiological origin, no deviations from the norm can be detected. With pathological bleeding during pregnancy against the background of spontaneous abortion, an opening of the cervix is ​​observed. An increase in the tone of the myometrium may indicate the onset of placental abruption. Of the laboratory diagnostic methods, an analysis is used to determine the concentration of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). With ectopic pregnancy and bleeding, this figure will be reduced. Instrumental diagnosis of bleeding during pregnancy is to conduct an ultrasound scan. Using this method, it is possible to assess the state of the myometrium and the embryo, the level of blood flow in the vessels, the exact localization of the placenta and (possibly) its incipient detachment. Using CTG, the diagnostician can make a conclusion about the vital activity of the fetus.

Treatment of bleeding during pregnancy also depends on the cause of the symptom. If there are no pathological changes or the manifestation is provoked by damage to the polyp, medical attention is not required. In rare cases, the doctor recommends its removal. Expectant tactics are also used in case of cervical erosion. Her cauterization is carried out after childbirth. Bleeding during pregnancy against the background of the threat of miscarriage and placenta previa requires immediate hospitalization in an obstetric hospital, followed by the appointment of drug treatment. To reduce uterine tone, sedatives, tocolytics are used. Pregnancy management in this case requires careful monitoring by a specialist.

Bleeding during pregnancy caused by ectopic attachment of the ovum, scar rupture, or completed spontaneous abortion requires hospitalization and surgical treatment. After removal of the remnants of fetal tissues or emergency delivery, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. In this case, stopping bleeding during pregnancy is carried out in different ways, depending on its intensity, ligation of the uterine arteries is often performed. With premature detachment of the placenta, an emergency caesarean section is indicated.

Forecast and prevention of bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy is usually accompanied by a favorable prognosis. Timely medical care can save the life of the fetus and the woman. Lethal outcome is extremely rare. Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy consists in the early detection of benign neoplasms and their treatment even before conception. To prevent the development of a pathological symptom, you should register as soon as possible, take all the necessary tests, and if any violations occur, immediately seek advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist. Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy also consists in avoiding stress, physical exertion, violent sexual contacts.

Pregnancy is the most difficult physiological condition of a woman, which can often be accompanied by various complications, in particular, those that cause bleeding - vaginal or uterine. The most dangerous are those that occur at the very beginning and at the end of bearing a child.

Perhaps all people, without exception, begin to worry and even panic when they see blood. Moreover, a pregnant woman is exposed to such emotions, and this is natural - she, first of all, worries about her unborn baby.

At the sight of her own blood flowing from the vagina, a pregnant woman may experience a double panic, but not all bleeding is a formidable symptom. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to it.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

1. In the first trimester, minor bleeding is generally considered normal. During engraftment to the wall of the uterus, the egg seems to prepare a place for itself - this causes bloody discharge. They are not plentiful, they may be accompanied by small spasms.
2. If a woman used to treat cervical erosion, now, due to a strong rush of blood to the uterus, she can bleed. In addition, benign polyps can occur in the cervix, which provokes bleeding. It does not harm the child.
3. Blood as a warning. In the first trimester of pregnancy, it may appear with the threat of a miscarriage - while bleeding is prolonged, accompanied by sensations of dull pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Although they can be painless, and only a doctor can determine their cause.
4. Sometimes there are cases when bleeding just in the first trimester should certainly alarm a woman. Sometimes it is with minor bleeding that very serious pathologies begin, such as, for example, spontaneous miscarriage, oncological neoplasm or ectopic pregnancy, which can also begin with bleeding. Or severe pathology of the cervix, varicose veins of the external genitalia, infection of the vagina.

You should consult a doctor in a timely manner.

An ectopic pregnancy is very dangerous. If it is not diagnosed in time, then it can bring great trouble and even death to a pregnant woman.

For example, an undiagnosed tubal pregnancy in time can provoke a rupture of the cervix, which is life-threatening.

Therefore, even with bleeding without pain, it is better, without delay, to turn to specialists. And later, after an examination, passing the necessary tests, an ultrasound, it is determined whether there is some kind of inflammation that could provoke bleeding, in addition, it becomes clear how the pregnancy is going, whether there is a threat of miscarriage.

The first and last trimesters of pregnancy are considered the most dangerous: at this time, a variety of complications can develop, such as uterine or vaginal bleeding.

In the event that any fears from the above are confirmed after all the examinations, you will, of course, be provided with qualified assistance and will be monitored in order to protect you and your baby from all possible dangers as much as possible. Therefore, do not be afraid. You can correct, perhaps, any situation, especially if you do not postpone a visit to the hospital and timely access to specialists. And in no case should you try to independently determine the cause of the blood during pregnancy, and even more so, self-medicate.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy is always an alarming sign for a woman.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy most often requires urgent action. It is difficult to talk about miscarriage, the threat of its termination. Correction of pathologies of the female genital area when planning pregnancy often helps to avoid bleeding and the threat of miscarriage. The frequency of miscarriages in medical practice is 15%. Most miscarriages occur before 12 weeks of gestation.

Environmental factors and infections lead to the fact that 30% of women have a history of the threat of interruption. 4% of women face the problem of recurrent miscarriage.

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Causes of spotting during pregnancy

Possible causes of spotting during pregnancy:

1. Minor placental abruption.
2. Slight brown discharge may be on the days when you had your period. Usually such discharge is accompanied by pain in the lower back, minor, not forcing to go to bed.
3. For some STDs.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, the most dangerous in terms of the threat of interruption, embryogenesis occurs. At this time, the further fate of the pregnancy is decided. The determining factor is the state of the mother's immune and endocrine systems. The immune system does not allow the body to reject the fetus, and the endocrine system produces hormones that lower immunity. This is a very complex process, any violation in which can lead to tragic consequences for the embryo. The hormone progesterone promotes the growth of the myometrium. During normal pregnancy, progesterone receptors are present in blood lymphocytes.

Causes of miscarriage:

1. Hormonal imbalance, lack of progesterone.
2. STDs (chlamydia, mycoplasmas, herpes).
3. Viral hepatitis, influenza during pregnancy, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, toxoplasmosis, tonsillitis.
4. Genetic anomalies in the development of the fetus.
5. Maternal heart disease and anemia.
6. Toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy, polyhydramnios, placenta previa.
7. Violation of immunity.
8. Physical injuries - road accidents, bruises.
9. Menstrual irregularities before pregnancy.
10. Professional and household hazards.
11. Malformations of the uterus.
12. Strong nervous shock, neurosis and mental illness.
13. Metroendometritis (a consequence of an abortion).
14. Folic acid deficiency.
15. Temperature rise.
16. Intoxication in case of poisoning.
17. Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICN).

Bloody discharge during pregnancy is the first wake-up call in which a miscarriage can be suspected. Then the strongest pulling pains in the lower abdomen, in the lower back join, nausea and dizziness bother. A sharp pain in the abdomen without bleeding is also a very bad signal. It happens with a frozen pregnancy. The pressure in the uterine cavity increases during a miscarriage, you may feel a strong feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen. It is important to know that a miscarriage does not happen suddenly, spontaneously. A miscarriage has 5 stages: threatened abortion, incipient abortion, ongoing abortion, complete and incomplete abortion. In the first two stages, pregnancy can still be saved. But the problem is that a woman often ignores minor pulling pains, and when bleeding develops, it becomes too late to do something. Contractions of the uterus, pain in the womb should not be ignored. In the second trimester and later, with premature birth, everything can begin with the outflow of amniotic fluid. Pain with the threat of premature birth are cramping in nature.

Also, on intravaginal ultrasound, the doctor can determine the hypertonicity of the uterus. Sometimes it can be a reaction to the conduct of the ultrasound itself or the psychological stress that the pregnant woman experiences while waiting in line for the examination. If this situation repeats again, the doctor prescribes antispasmodic drugs. Hypertonicity can be felt as a sharp protrusion of the uterus. With local hypertension, no hospital treatment is needed. At a later date, if there is a threat of premature birth, you will be treated in the hospital, not at home, and you should not refuse hospitalization in any case.

The body of the expectant mother rejects the fetus with severe defects. Do not ignore the role of bad habits and stress in the occurrence of bleeding during pregnancy.

Any infection of the whole organism as a whole, even a cold, and genital organs, can cause an abortion or miscarriage. Even dental caries can play a role. All infectious foci should ideally be eliminated when planning pregnancy.

If before pregnancy you have signs of hormonal imbalance, it is also necessary to eliminate it.

A bicornuate uterus, a baby uterus, uterine fibroids - all these pathologies can cause the fetal egg to not be properly attached to the uterine wall.

Stress, noise, radiation, alcohol are also risk factors.

If the discharge is profuse and prolonged, without delay, seek help. Now in the arsenal of gynecologists there are all the ways to save pregnancy.

Bloody mucous discharge during pregnancy

Bloody mucous discharge during pregnancy after 36 weeks indicates that a mucous plug with streaks of blood is leaving, which has protected the uterus throughout the pregnancy. This is one of the true harbingers of childbirth. The mucous plug comes out in parts or all at once. In this case, the expectant mother needs to be on the alert and pack things for the hospital. After the discharge of the mucous plug, amniotic fluid is poured out. Their volume is usually about 2 glasses. They can also pour out drop by drop or move away all at once. After the water breaks, childbirth begins very rapidly, you are unlikely to have time to get to the hospital yourself, call an ambulance.

Dark spotting during pregnancy

At the time of implantation in the uterus of the fetal egg, you may not know about your pregnancy and regard the brownish discharge as a failure in the menstrual cycle. A slight bleeding causes the attachment of the embryo - there is a rupture of blood vessels on the uterine mucosa.

Minor hormonal disruptions can also be the reason why brown spotting occurs during pregnancy. There is no danger in this case, such discharge appears on the days when the woman had menstruation before pregnancy. This phenomenon may disturb the first 3-4 months of pregnancy.

Dark spotting during pregnancy is also observed in the case of detachment of the fetal egg. This is a life-threatening condition. Most often, detachment of the ovum occurs with a lack of progesterone. Progesterone is a female hormone that maintains pregnancy. The exfoliated placenta does not supply the baby's blood with oxygen, and he may die in utero. Smoking increases the risk of placental abruption.

Also, spotting during pregnancy is observed with cystic skidding. Cysts with fluid form on the walls of the uterus. Irreversible changes occur in the tissues of the placenta. The diagnosis is confirmed by an analysis for hCG. The fetus dies with cystic drift, the heartbeat is not heard. If the fetus is not removed from the uterus in time, the uterus itself will have to be removed. Some women may develop cancer after a mole.

The cause of brown discharge may be erosion of the cervix. During pregnancy, erosion is not cauterized, but is treated with medication so as not to complicate childbirth.

With dark discharge, it is very important to find out with your doctor their exact cause.

Spotting spotting during pregnancy

Spotting spotting during pregnancy is especially dangerous in the first trimester. When the fetus is just fixed in the endometrium, you need to be very vigilant. Smearing discharge can be both safe and indicate that there are problems with pregnancy.

The cause of bloody spotting can be a detachment of the fetal egg, an ectopic pregnancy. These conditions are life threatening. Also, the cause may be erosion of the cervix. Before pregnancy, it can proceed without symptoms.

Heavy bleeding during pregnancy

Abundant spotting during pregnancy may be accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. In this case, you need to get to the hospital yourself or by ambulance as soon as possible. To confirm or refute the threat of miscarriage, doctors do an ultrasound.

Another cause of bleeding is typical for those who have gone through IVF. Sometimes one of the embryos is rejected. It's called the "vanishing twin".

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy

Bloody discharge during early pregnancy is not always a pathology, especially if they are brown and not scarlet. The reason is the attachment of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus. Small fragments of the mucosa are shed when this happens. Such discharge is common on the 7-10th day after conception. Bloody discharge during early pregnancy can also be with cervical erosion. Such bleeding is never accompanied by pain. Another cause of bleeding is genital infections.

Bloody discharge at 4 weeks of gestation does not always indicate danger. A common cause of bleeding is cervical erosion and vaginal infections. During pregnancy, the lining of the uterus may bleed. Such bleeding is not accompanied by pain and quickly stops. In addition to erosion, polyps, benign tumors on the cervix, can become the cause of bleeding. The doctor usually waits for the polyp to fall off.

Spontaneous miscarriage can also begin with bleeding. At first, bleeding may be very slight. In the first stage of a miscarriage, a threatened miscarriage, spotting is scanty and there is no pain. The uterus at this stage is not changed, and such a pregnancy can be saved.

Bloody discharge at the 5th week of pregnancy can be an ordinary menstruation. In 10% of women, menstruation continues for the first 2 months.

It is possible to distinguish menstrual flow from blood during a miscarriage by the color and duration of bleeding.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy at week 6 is almost always a sign of trouble. It can be both spotting and significant bleeding. If the stomach hurts - this is a beginning miscarriage.

Bloody discharge at the 7th week of pregnancy almost always indicates that such a pregnancy has a threat of termination.

If you visit the doctor in time, he will conduct a gynecological examination to determine the size of the uterus and the condition of the cervix, take smears. To see what is happening inside the uterus, you will be given a referral for an ultrasound.

Women who have had a threatened miscarriage are recommended bed rest and abstinence.

In any case, spotting during pregnancy is a reason for increased medical supervision.

Bloody discharge at the 8th week of pregnancy most likely indicates a threatened miscarriage. Light bleeding is the first sign of a threatened abortion. Consult a doctor and disciplinedly follow his recommendations. You need peace, no loads and stresses, you can not lift more than 2 kg. If measures are not taken in time, the cervix will contract and the fetus will be pushed out.

Moderate brown discharge at 8 weeks pregnant may be the first sign of an ectopic pregnancy. In an ectopic pregnancy, the embryo is attached in the tube. Pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding - a consequence of overstretching of the fallopian tube.

Bloody discharge at the 9th week of pregnancy may be due to the threat of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Also at this time may be a variant of the norm, on the days of menstruation. Also, the cause may be improper development of the embryo. Aggressive sexual intercourse or careless gynecological examination can also lead to spotting. Sometimes during pregnancy, polyps can occur on the cervix.

More than half of women who have had bleeding during pregnancy nurse her safely. The risk of miscarriage is especially high in late pregnancy. If you have had miscarriages before, be sure to notify your doctor and, at the slightest suspicion, go for an emergency appointment. Bloody discharge during pregnancy is often associated with a condition called preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a disease that occurs most often in the second trimester of pregnancy. Its symptoms: the appearance of edema and protein in the urine. Maternal preeclampsia leads to malnutrition of the placenta. Preeclampsia can develop into eclampsia. Eclampsia causes convulsions and poses a threat to the life of the mother and child. Women over 40 with kidney disease are especially at risk. Therefore, for women at risk, the doctor measures the pressure at each examination and takes urine for analysis.

Half of pregnancies are accompanied by minor bleeding. But if there are pains in the abdomen that look like contractions, your pregnancy may be at risk. Timely medical intervention will help save the child.

Do not forget also that an ectopic pregnancy can "mask" as a normal one. By about 10 weeks, the embryo is large enough to rupture the tube. An ectopic pregnancy is accompanied by severe pain and bleeding. In this case, a woman needs a blood transfusion, and the affected tube has to be removed.

If even slight spotting appears at the 11th week of pregnancy, call an ambulance. By the 11th week of pregnancy, the risk of abortion decreases. Bloody discharge during pregnancy at week 11 may be due to careless intercourse. In order not to provoke a threat, do not visit the sauna, do not have pets. During this period (and throughout pregnancy) it is especially dangerous to get rubella. After it, children are born with congenital blindness and deafness and other malformations. Reduce consumption of tea, coffee, cola - caffeine increases the tone of the uterus.

Bloody discharge at the end of pregnancy

Bloody discharge at the end of pregnancy occurs in women on the last day before childbirth. During pregnancy, the cervix contains mucus. When opened, it is released outward along with blood streaks.

But all the abundant scarlet spotting during pregnancy, even at the end, is a reason to worry and call a doctor at home. The culprit of this is often the placenta. She flakes off. In stationary conditions, this can be eliminated, and for a period of more than 30 weeks, if it is not possible to stop labor, stimulate labor, or perform a caesarean section. But in this case, the child is born prematurely, he needs special care, he is in the department of premature babies until he matures. Such children do not always survive. The appearance of brown discharge in late pregnancy suggests that labor will begin on the same day.

Bloody discharge at 30 weeks of gestation is a sign that the placenta has detached. Even with small brown discharge, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor. Watery discharge is leaking amniotic fluid, which is also a harbinger of preterm labor.

Bloody discharge at 34 weeks of gestation may appear after a gynecological vaginal examination. But it can also be a symptom of placental abruption. Mucus may also be secreted along with blood. This is a harbinger of childbirth. At this stage, the baby is no longer considered premature, just born prematurely.

Bloody discharge at the 36th week of pregnancy occurs due to placental abruption and is accompanied by the development of labor.

During a vaginal examination, the doctor finds a tense fetal bladder. If measures are not taken in time with placenta previa, the child suffers greatly, fetal hypoxia develops. Causes of premature placental abruption: kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, uterine fibroids, smoking, drug use, lupus erythematosus, severe fright.

Bloody discharge at 37 weeks of gestation is most often caused by placental abruption. Placental abruption is caused by urinary tract infections. If the child is born at this time, he will be fully viable.

At the 37th week, the harbingers of childbirth most often appear: the release of a mucous plug with streaks of blood, liquefaction of the stool, the stomach drops, it becomes easier for you to breathe. You empty your bladder more often.

Bloody discharge at 40 weeks pregnant should not cause you to panic. Lie down and call an ambulance. Most likely, birth is about to begin. Brown discharge with blood contains mucus, which the uterus was covered with during the entire pregnancy.

Bloody discharge at 41 weeks of gestation with an admixture of mucus is a sign of incipient labor. Brown, bloody discharge begins the day before delivery. At 41 weeks, you get an ultrasound to understand how to deliver. Decide which of your loved ones will be present at the birth: mother, mother-in-law or husband.

The support of your husband may be very necessary for you, he can be with you during the entire period of childbirth, give you a massage, give you water if you suddenly want to drink. He can cut the umbilical cord. Childbirth with a husband is suitable for you if:

1. In your family, it is customary to openly share experiences.
2. There are no taboo topics, complete trust.
3. The husband does not panic, he is always extremely collected.

Joint birth will definitely bring you closer. The husband will feel responsible for the child from the first minutes of life. It is so beautiful when a man holds his unwashed child in his arms!

Treatment of bleeding during pregnancy

The threat of miscarriage is much more common among women who work, especially in hazardous industries. It is undesirable to use household chemicals during pregnancy, to poison cockroaches and rodents. Wear gloves when you clean. Do not inhale the vapors of detergents, do not use "thermonuclear" perfume and low-quality decorative cosmetics - all this may not please the baby at all. For these 9 months, forget about yourself, and think only about the baby, about that wonderful day when you finally see him.

Avoid excessive exercise when playing sports and lifting weights over 4 kg.

Diseases of the ovaries and thyroid gland must be treated before conception. Treat also bladder and kidney infections, chronic tonsillitis. Rubella, if you did not have it in childhood, is also a particular danger for you during pregnancy.

The most dangerous days when the threat of interruption is much higher are the days when you had your period in the "non-pregnant" state. These days it is better to postpone travel and flights.

Bleeding with placenta previa at any time is an indication for caesarean section. Often a blood transfusion is needed. If the placenta previa is insignificant and the bleeding is not strong, the fetal bladder is opened. With placenta previa, medical supervision is always needed, it may be necessary to stay in the hospital for the second half of pregnancy. In the hospital, all specialists and medicines are nearby. If the doctor insists, lie down to save. The pregnant woman is stressed in the hospital. If there is no severe pain, home treatment may be allowed.

Hormones in a woman's body are responsible for the normal growth of the fetus. With pathologies of the thyroid gland or excessive production of male hormones, progesterone is not enough, and the pregnancy may be terminated. Hormonal deficiency can develop with inflammation of the ovaries, endometritis, after abortion.

If the adrenal glands in women are disturbed, the level of male hormones increases, which can also provoke a miscarriage.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency can cause abortion. In ICI, the cervix dilates and does not hold the fertilized egg. This happens at 16-18 weeks. The treatment of this condition is surgical - at 12-14 weeks, sutures are placed on the cervix under general anesthesia. Such an operation is contraindicated in severe hypertonicity of the uterus. The stitches are removed before childbirth.

Bruises and concussions also provoke interruption.

Remember that diseases that “do not show signs of life” before pregnancy may “wake up” during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that pregnant women have reduced immunity. Pregnant women have a very limited set of drugs that can be used. Many medicines can harm the baby.

Pregnancy complicates anemia and diabetes, especially if you have bad habits. Alcoholics and drug addicts are more likely to give birth to premature and sick children.

Preparations Utrozhestan and Duphaston are usually prescribed when there is a threat of miscarriage. These drugs contain the hormone progesterone. Insufficiency of progesterone can cause abortion in the first trimester.

Duphaston

Duphaston is a potent progestogen hormone. Which is close to endogenous (i.e., produced by the body) progesterone. It is not a derivative of testosterone.

The only significant contraindication for taking Duphaston is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

With a threatened abortion, 40 mg of duphaston are taken simultaneously. Then they switch to taking 10 mg of Duphaston every 8 hours.

Progesterone has an immunomodulatory effect, preventing the fetal egg from being rejected. Thanks to Duphaston, a stronger connection arises between the embryo and the uterine wall.

There are 7 million people in the world who have experienced the effect of the drug in the womb, no negative effects on their health have been found.

Therapy with progestin preparations should be started in preparation for pregnancy with its habitual miscarriage. Dufaston reduces the risk of developing chorionitis, chorion detachment, premature birth and the threat of interruption, cystic mole.

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Utrozhestan

Utrozhestan is the only progesterone in the world produced from vegetable raw materials. Produced in the form of capsules for oral and intravaginal use.

The usual dose of Utrozhestan is 200-300 mg per day.

Duphaston and Utrozhestan are drunk until the 20th week of pregnancy.

Among the causes of bleeding during pregnancy, polyps on the cervix or erosion can also be distinguished. In this case, the bleeding is short, does not cause pain and occurs after careless intercourse. The polyp can be removed if it does not fall off on its own.

All women with bleeding during pregnancy are shown physical and sexual rest.

Magnesium sulfate

Magnesium sulfate for spotting during pregnancy is used for antispasmodic and sedative effects. The method of administration is intravenous and intramuscular. Side effects may include respiratory depression. The dosage is selected for each case individually. Magnesia improves uteroplacental blood flow.

Magne B6

Magnesium is an essential component of the internal environment of the body. During pregnancy, the need for it increases several times. A symptom of a lack of magnesium during pregnancy can be insomnia and an increase in uterine tone. An increase in the tone of the uterus interferes with the flow of oxygen into the body of the crumbs. There is placental insufficiency.

The active substance of Magne B6 is magnesium and vitamin B6. In combination, they have an anti-stress, antispasmodic effect on the body of a pregnant woman, and prevents the formation of blood clots. The daily dose of Magne B6 is 4 tablets. Duration of use: the drug can be used for the entire duration of pregnancy. As a result of taking the drug, sleep is normalized, a sedative effect is observed, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized, the stool becomes more regular and constipation disappears. Magne B6 is successfully used in obstetric practice in inpatient and outpatient settings.

According to the results of clinical studies of 25 pregnancies in the clinic of pathology of pregnant women of the Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics, it was concluded that most cases of threat are associated with severe hypomagnesa.

Tazepam

Tazepam for spotting during pregnancy is used if a woman has signs of a nervous breakdown: irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, fear. Dosage: 1 tablet 1 time per day. Contraindications: I trimester of pregnancy, impaired liver and kidney function. Side effects: drowsiness, fatigue, poor coordination of movements.

To prevent hormonal effects on the fetus in antiphospholipid syndrome, dexamethasone is used in 1/4-1 table. overnight courses for 2-3 weeks; aspirin for 1 month at a dose of 0.05 g (50 mg) once a day (from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy).

Up to 12 weeks, folic acid is very useful - 4 mg / day. The appointment of folic acid is especially important if a woman has handicapped children.

Vitamin E is prescribed at a dose of 200 mg per day.

Physiotherapy treatment

Of the physiotherapy procedures, the most justified in women with the threat of termination of pregnancy is electrosleep. Electric current of low frequency has a specific effect on the central nervous system. Electrosleep has an antispastic effect. Electrical impulses in this procedure directly act on the cerebral cortex. Electrosleep restores the emotional balance of a pregnant woman. Electrosleep has a positive effect on blood clotting. The duration of electrosleep sessions is up to 2 hours. Sessions are held every other day. Electrosleep course - 10-15 procedures.

Also, bleeding can occur with an ectopic pregnancy. If a fertilized egg is implanted in the tube, sooner or later it ruptures and massive bleeding occurs, threatening the life of the mother. An ectopic pregnancy requires mandatory surgical intervention. Postoperative rehabilitation takes 10 days. Unfortunately, the tube is removed, and the chances of getting pregnant after that are halved.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy can appear at any time. Even if you have a premature baby, remember that even babies weighing 1000 g are now being nursed. There is a known case of the survival of a child weighing 350 g, however, this is the only child in the history of medical observations who survived at such a low weight.

Do not wind yourself up, the outcome of pregnancy largely depends on your emotional state. Experiences and unreasonable panic should not be. Rejoice in this new state. Pregnancy is an interesting time that you will remember with a smile. Pregnancy will bring you new emotions every day. You will notice that you are increasingly listening to what is going on inside you. If emotions are running high and mood swings cannot be dealt with, the doctor may prescribe you calming herbal preparations that do not affect the baby. Sometimes a consultation with a neurologist, psychologist, psychotherapy sessions is indicated. Attentive attitude to your health, nutrition and walks will help you to see the long-awaited smile of your baby in any course of pregnancy. This day will be the most important day of your life.

Many women are very worried about a possible miscarriage. You can prevent a miscarriage by doing everything in your power to ensure the normal course of your pregnancy. Women, sooner or later all of you will want to become mothers. So don't have an abortion. Microtraumas and adhesions, which necessarily occur during an abortion inside the uterus, injure the endometrium, and the baby cannot attach to the uterus. And all because one day you succumbed to passion and had an abortion, believing that being a single mother is difficult or embarrassing. Or that a child may interfere with your progress at work. Work will not smile at you in the morning, will not say the word "mother." Think...

The same can be said about drinking and smoking, not to mention taking drugs. If you are harming your baby, you are unlikely to be truly concerned about the possibility of a miscarriage. But even if a child is born, he may be weak, sick, mentally retarded. And this is a burden for life. Again, it's worth considering. Now there are very wide opportunities for the treatment of any addiction, including without the use of medications, with the help of psychotherapy and hypnosis.

In most cases, miscarriages occur at a very short time, when a woman does not know that she is pregnant. It is quite possible to avoid this problem. When two lines appear on the test, listen to what the doctors tell you, and everything will be fine.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy does not always mean that you will lose the baby - it all depends on your attitude towards pregnancy.

Some women experience bleeding from the genital tract when carrying a child. It is not surprising that such manifestations cause serious fears of losing a baby. In such situations, it is better not to take risks by self-medicating, but to call an ambulance to prevent severe bleeding and loss of the fetus. After the examination, medical workers will tell you what was the cause of the spotting. It happens that minor bleeding is absolutely safe for both the child and his mother, a physiological process at the beginning of pregnancy. We will find out why bleeding occurs during early pregnancy.

Important facts about bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy

There is an opinion, especially among women, that bleeding during early pregnancy is a sign of a miscarriage. This opinion is erroneous. Scanty bleeding that began during early pregnancy is observed in women in approximately 26% of cases of gestation. And they do not always pose a threat to the life of a pregnant woman and her child; blood can bleed for many reasons. But still, it should be noted that in half of the recorded appeals of women who experienced slight bleeding, that is, in about 10-13% of cases, blood during early pregnancy was a harbinger of its interruption.

The symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy are different for every woman. In some representatives of the weaker sex, blood is smeared slightly in the form of spots or secretions. Other women experience profuse blood loss, and some find themselves with blood clots in early pregnancy. In any case, even if the bleeding discharge does not pose a danger to either the fetus or its mother, this optimistic fact should be reported by a competent doctor who relies not on his own experience or assumptions, but on quite eloquent information from blood tests and other diagnostic methods.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

What are the causes of bleeding in early pregnancy:

• Menstruation continues at the stage of gestation in case of a lack of the hCG hormone, which stops menstruation in pregnant women during the formation of the fetus. Human chorionic gonadotropin begins to be produced, like many other specific hormones of pregnancy, at the time of attachment of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity. In case of its insufficient production, a woman bleeds during pregnancy, sometimes with clots. Such a phenomenon was popularly called "washing the fetus" or "going through the fetus." Usually, after the first trimester, everything gets better, but there are cases of a nine-month ablution of the embryo with a completely favorable outcome, that is, the birth of a full-fledged child.
• Implantation bleeding can be at the time of attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterine wall. It is expressed in blood spots or its streaks, and stops after a day or a maximum of two. Implantation bleeding is characterized by discharge of scarlet or pink blood.
• Placental pathology or placenta previa can cause bleeding in early pregnancy. This is due to abnormally low implantation of the placenta. Another problem is the detachment of the placenta from the uterine walls, such a pathology makes itself felt in the form of severe pain and small blood clots appear.
• An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg is fixed outside the uterine cavity, but in the fallopian tubes. Bleeding during pregnancy outside the uterus occurs when the tube ruptures, due to the growth of the embryo in it. When bleeding occurs due to an ectopic pregnancy, call the medical team immediately. Because you won’t be able to stop him on your own, and you can pay for negligence with your own life or the ability to get pregnant again. It is possible to prevent such a development of events by contacting a gynecologist, feeling pain in the lower abdomen. Often, pregnancy outside the uterine cavity is accompanied by pronounced pains that are unlikely to go unnoticed.
• Discharge of blood after intercourse. Bleeding during pregnancy may be associated with an active sex life. Bloody discharge in this case is the result of increased blood supply to the genital organs and softening of the uterine cervix. Despite the safety of such a reaction to carnal pleasures with her husband in a pregnant woman, everything is good in moderation and parents need to be aware of the importance of the normal and calm development of the future person.

Causes of blood clots during pregnancy

Separately, it is necessary to consider cases when a pregnant woman discovers that a blood clot has come out during pregnancy. In the early stages of gestation, this phenomenon is incredibly dangerous and fraught with fetal death. If a woman noticed that blood clots suddenly went during pregnancy, then, most likely, a spontaneous miscarriage occurred. The clot in this case is a component of the fetal tissues from which the embryo and its membranes were formed. Similar blood clots come out during early pregnancy in the first three months.

This happens most often when going to the toilet, shower, when lifting weights or with any strong muscle tension in the abdomen or perineum.

It is no longer possible to maintain pregnancy with the departure of embryonic tissues. Because the cause of their discharge is often malformations of the fetus. And a miscarriage, in this case, is better than the birth of a non-viable child. It can be said that the body independently “diagnosed the embryo” and, upon detection of serious anomalies in development, “made a decision” to eliminate such flesh. The couple needs to accept this turn of events and come to terms with it, because it could be worse further. In nature and human, including, everything is arranged very harmoniously, especially if it is not interfered with.

In case of loss of pregnancy, when the woman's blood clots have gone, it is necessary to contact medical workers to have them examine the uterine cavity in order to avoid remnants of embryonic tissues. Because if they are not completely released, they can begin to decompose inside the womb, which entails severe infection of the woman's body. After cleaning the uterine cavity, the remains of the embryonic fragments can be sent for research to determine the cause of the abortion. Perhaps the woman will be prescribed treatment aimed at restoring reproductive function.

The threat of a miscarriage or its onset is often considered by physicians to be the main cause of bleeding in early pregnancy. But more often than not, only because doctors deliberately play it safe in order to eliminate the risk of interruption of gestation with 100% certainty. The percentage of miscarriages up to 12 weeks in Russia is quite large - this is approximately 32% of the total number of pregnancies ending in a successful birth of a child.

If the critical threshold of the gestation period is behind and the pregnancy is proceeding normally, then it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that the child is born normally and will appear on time. To try to prevent fetal loss, it is necessary to know the signs of spontaneous miscarriage - these are intense, paroxysmal or spasmodic pain in the abdomen, lower back and back, as well as bleeding with or without clots.

Sometimes there are no symptoms at all, then the woman should be alerted by the disappearance of characteristic signs of pregnancy, such as toxicosis, dizziness, swelling and chest pain.

Things are completely different if a pregnant woman notices the release of blood or its clots in the later stages of pregnancy. Blood clots from the eighth to ninth month of pregnancy herald the onset of labor. In the last weeks of bearing a child, the body of the expectant mother is intensively preparing for childbirth. Among the preparatory measures, there is a softening of the cervix, while the process of discharge of the uterine plug can occur, which reliably protected the entrance to the uterus from the penetration of foreign microorganisms into its cavity.

It is this process that a woman who is in the late stages of bearing a baby can observe in herself - a clot of mucus with blood. This process is absolutely normal before childbirth. In any case, it is necessary to call the doctors to be taken to the maternity ward.

Measures to help a pregnant woman with bleeding

After finding out all the possible reasons, a fair question arises, what to do if bleeding begins in the first trimester of pregnancy? How to stop the bleeding, and whether a woman can do it on her own before the arrival of doctors or if it is impossible to call them. Whatever the reason for bleeding during pregnancy, if possible, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible or start to stop the bleeding on your own, and only then get to the nearest medical center.

In the meantime, while the doctors are on the way, it is required to immediately take a supine position and wait for their arrival. Under no circumstances should you even move. It is also undesirable to drink, especially drinks with even a small content of caffeine or other CNS stimulating substances are strictly prohibited, otherwise bleeding can increase significantly.

The banned list also includes foods that increase blood pressure.

If relatives are present next to the woman, and the ambulance is delayed, then it is allowed to give the pregnant woman a safe remedy that stops blood loss. As such a medicine, one of the herbs that is available is suitable.

Plants that have a hemostatic effect:

• Nettle.
• Field horsetail.
• Shepherd's bag.
• Water pepper.
• Leaves and especially cherry branches.

A decoction of hemostatic herbs is best prepared more concentrated than indicated in the recipe (usually one tablespoon per glass of boiling water). This is done so that a woman experiencing uterine bleeding does not drink large amounts of fluid. But you need to take such a remedy in small sips, controlling the condition of the pregnant woman.

There are also a lot of pharmaceutical drugs to stop bleeding, but their intake must be agreed with the doctor. Therefore, during periods of gestation, it is better not to prescribe medications on your own, the ambulance team that has arrived from a professional point of view will take all necessary measures. The actions of physicians in cases where a woman in a position may experience severe bleeding are primarily aimed at stopping it. And after that, the woman is taken to the hospital for blood sampling for analysis and other diagnostic procedures in order to find out the cause of blood loss.

In contact with

What is the cause of bleeding

When spotting is a variant of the norm

When bleeding is dangerous

Brown and pink discharge

Spotting during pregnancy often makes women panic. However, they do not always indicate serious problems in the expectant mother and child.

Why spotting appears - we understand together with the gynecologist Olga KRAVTSOVA.

” Attention! This article is for informational purposes only and cannot serve as a basis for self-diagnosis. If you are pregnant, if you experience any disturbing symptoms, contact your doctor immediately!

Bloody discharge at any stage of pregnancy is most likely a dangerous symptom. However, Olga Kravtsova, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the Regional Clinical Center for Miners' Health (Kuzbass), explained to us that discharge (including pink and brownish) can be both a manifestation of pathology, especially if accompanied by pain, nausea, vomiting or itching, or a normal variant.

Spotting or bleeding?

The World Health Organization considers any spotting before 22 weeks of pregnancy to be bleeding. In practice, doctors still separate one from the other. Olga Kravtsova says that discharge from bleeding differs according to the following criteria:

Quantity. The unit of measurement is the daily pad. If you needed more than one, the discharge can already be considered bleeding.

Color. Saturated bright red color indicates the beginning of bleeding, dark red - that the bleeding is ending, brown - that it has ended.

duration. With a short episode, they talk about spotting, with a long one - about bleeding.

What is the cause of bleeding

Even if you feel good and your pregnancy is going great, remember that some activities can cause bleeding. Surprisingly, even food can sometimes act as such a provocateur. Olga Kravtsova recalled that, for example, citrus fruits increase the tone of the uterus and can thus cause bleeding. In any case, doctors recommend just in case during pregnancy to avoid:

• active sports and weight lifting;
• "crazy" sex;
• stress;
• air travel, especially in the first and last trimesters;
• falls.

At risk are also lovers of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. So, if you have any bad habits, try to give them up at least for the duration of your pregnancy.

At risk and women suffering from chronic diseases:

• with cervical erosion;
• with cardiovascular diseases;
• with diseases of the uterus (endometriosis, fibroids);
• with a history of recurrent miscarriage.

” Finally, obstetricians are also worried about emotionally labile women. True, 99% of pregnant women, and indeed, of all women on the planet, can be sent to the latter category. So the phrase "calm, only calm" becomes more relevant than ever, especially in a situation where spotting is not a terrible symptom, but an ordinary, normal physiological phenomenon.

When spotting is a variant of the norm

At different stages of pregnancy, spotting will cause concern in the patient, but leave the doctor calm. Most often this happens in the first trimester.

3 weeks. At this stage, light to moderate bleeding is possible, which doctors call implantation bleeding. It is caused by the strengthening of the fertilized egg, which sometimes slightly damages the vessels of the uterine wall. A variant of the norm during this period is considered a slight pulling pain in the lower abdomen.

4 weeks. The egg is finally fixed, which causes a copious thick transparent or slightly whitish secretion - sometimes with blood impurities.

10 week. Normal discharge at this stage is thin, watery, and odorless. But occasionally, a mild, bloody smearing secret may appear. It is caused by mechanical microdamages of the walls of the uterus, which have become loose by the tenth week. Their damage is possible during a gynecological examination, sexual intercourse, or due to erosion of the cervix.

In general, according to Olga Kravtsova, spotting in the first trimester is a fairly common phenomenon. It is primarily due to hormonal changes, too active blood supply to the genital organs with an increase in their sensitivity, as well as loosening of the epithelium of the uterine cavity. In the second and third trimesters, normal bloody secretion occurs much less frequently.

25-36 weeks. More often during this period, the discharge is moderate or abundant, light or white in color with a pronounced sour smell. Blood clots can sometimes talk not so much about gynecological problems, but about severe constipation or hemorrhoids.

36-40 weeks. Secretly, blood clots signal that the cork will soon come off and labor will begin.

When bleeding is dangerous

The logical answer is "in all other cases." Bloody discharge at different stages of pregnancy can indicate:

infectious or sexually transmitted diseases;

the threat of miscarriage;

ectopic or missed pregnancy;

placental abruption;

erosion of the cervix;

mucosal microtrauma.

” Gynecologist, doctor of sciences Nana Tetruashvili and professor, doctor of the highest category Vera Sidelnikova in their work "Modern principles of therapy for bleeding in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy" write that bleeding can also provoke a Rh conflict - when the immunity of a Rh-negative mother develops antibodies to a Rh-positive fetus.

According to Olga Kravtsova, the secret of brown color at the 8th week of pregnancy is very dangerous. It usually accompanies the separation of the fetal germ from the walls of the uterus, followed by termination of pregnancy.

Brown and pink discharge

Most often, it is blood in secret that scares a pregnant woman. At the same time, the discharge of brown and pink colors is attributed to the same - bloody. They carry the same danger as bleeding.

• Brown highlights. This color of the secret in the early stages is the basic symptom of an ectopic pregnancy with egg rejection. In pregnant women with normal indicators in the first trimester, brown ointment may indicate a threatened miscarriage. Olga Kravtsova says that the secretion of mucus with saturated shades closer to brown can also mean a hematoma of the uterine wall. In the later stages (up to 36 weeks), a light brown viscous secret may indicate placental abruption or disruption of its work. Very heavy discharge of brown shades after the 36th week of pregnancy requires hospitalization, as it can signal a uterine rupture.

• Pink highlights. According to Olga Kravtsova, in the middle and late stages, a pink secret of medium intensity may indicate placental abruption.

I must say that during pregnancy, a woman may experience discharge of various colors and consistencies: white, yellow, green, thick, watery, slimy - and some of them are much more dangerous than bleeding. They may turn out to be a symptom ... Although - this is a completely different story, and about this - in another article. Be healthy!

Prepared by Christina Gortman

Materials used in preparing the publication

• Modern principles of bleeding therapy in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Tetruashvili N.K., Sidelnikova V.M., Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases. - 2007 - issue. 2. - p. 84-90.
• The article “Discharge during pregnancy: does blood always mean a threat?”