And what is it for. Almost all modern devices and gadgets are endowed with RAM (Random Access Memory). So what gives such memory to a computer or laptop? Let's try to understand the issue.

What's this?

The RAM of a laptop or PC is an important part of the device system, on which the speed of various applications depends. Why do you need RAM in a computer? It stores commands and temporary data that the computer processor needs to perform certain operations. There are many, each of which performs its task. The "RAM" looks like an elongated green chip. There is a compartment in the system unit or under the back cover of the laptop where it is located. Even a user who is not versed in technology will be able to install it himself.

purpose

What gives or RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile and relatively fast PC memory that has random access. It carries out various operations for the exchange of information between devices. Operational If you turn off the power, the data contained in it will be erased. RAM stores streams of information that the processor needs to process. Devices contact with RAM through the system bus, exchange with it through the cache. Random-access RAM means that the memory accesses the right block directly when needed.

At the same time, the access speed does not change. RAM is different from volatile, it rarely fails. If it is damaged, then this affects the entire system, negatively affects the operation of some PC devices. RAM comes as a separate module or block of a device or chip. If the element in question were not used in modern gadgets, then all operations would take place slowly. What does adding random access memory? It allows you to reduce the processing time of information, and applications will work and run twice as fast.

Type and volume

What does RAM provide? It helps the computer run faster. To increase the capabilities of the device, you need to know and take into account the characteristics of this element. For example, if the RAM is 8 GB, this is its amount. It is an integral element of any module in the system. The performance of a computer or laptop depends on the total amount of RAM, the more it is installed, the better for the user.

How to correctly determine how much memory is installed on a PC? This can be done in different ways. If the computer has a Windows 7 operating system, then you need to do the following: click "Start", then right-click on "Computer" - "Properties". A window will appear containing information about the volume. There you can also see information about the processor, system type. In the same way, you should find out the amount of RAM (8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, etc.) in Windows XP.

If the user needs to know the information about the module and other characteristics, it is necessary to install a special program to determine the parameters of the PC. Experts also advise using S & M - a diagnostic application about the state of the computer.

Peculiarities

Modern laptop and computer users know what RAM gives. She is responsible for speed - how the incoming command will be quickly executed and processed by the PC. To determine the frequency of a particular module, you can simply look at the sticker, which contains numbers and letters, for example: DDR3 - 1600 PC3 - 12800 CL9 ECC REG.

In addition, you can use special programs that allow you to determine the characteristics of RAM. What does this cipher mean?

1. DDR3 is the generation of RAM, the most common type.
2. 1600 is the operating frequency of the memory, which is measured in MHz.
3. PC3 - 12800 - a parameter indicating the throughput, that is, the amount of information processed in 1 second.
4. C19 - information about the timing of RAM, measured in milliseconds. The lower the score, the better.
5. ECC - the memory is endowed with parity. The module has a special controller that corrects errors that occur during operation.

Therefore, if you want to increase the RAM, then consider these parameters, otherwise there is a high risk of incompatibility between the device and RAM.

RAM for laptop

Many modern netbooks, laptops and tablets use the DDR type of RAM with the SODIMM form factor. The difference between these modules and others - appearance. Each generation of RAM has its own characteristics. They are related to the technological process. So, the module for a laptop has a different number of contacts, unlike the first generation DDR. Some laptop users may encounter an unpleasant problem: the OS "slows down", it works inconsistently. This happens if several applications are loaded at the same time. Then you need to clear the RAM.

What can the user do? Close all applications, restart the device. In addition, you can use programs that clean up RAM. All of these methods have pros and cons. If they do not solve the problem, you should contact the service center for help.

How to install?

We found out what RAM gives, now we’ll talk about how to install it in a computer or laptop:

1. First, turn off the device, wait five minutes.
2. Open the system block.
3. There should be free slots on the motherboard - we install RAM there. Each board has its own DDR generation.

What gives an increase in RAM? The computer will work faster, but you need to increase it deliberately. First, find out which motherboard is installed on your device, also focus on the model and brand of the laptop. All this will make it clear how much RAM to add and whether it needs to be done. To increase memory, follow these steps:

• determine the model of the motherboard or laptop;
• determine the amount of RAM and the module;
• check compatibility with the motherboard;
• purchase a module.

The memory is easy to install. To do this, you need to know in general terms what a PC or laptop consists of, the functionality of all its parts.

29. 06.2019

Blog of Dmitry Vassiyarov.

RAM specifications - what to look for?

Hello boys and girls. It's time to deal with the RAM. More precisely, we have already figured it out many times, but today we will go through it again. Most likely you came here in order to learn some points for buying a new memory?

In principle, there is nothing incomprehensible in the proposed descriptions on the windows of various stores (this is in my opinion). But if you do not think so, then you are welcome to read my post about the characteristics of RAM. I hope you pick up something of value for yourself.

First, I'll start with the most important parameters, you need to talk about the essential right away. Pulling a cat by the tail is not a grateful thing :). So, the most important parameters of memory bars are: frequency, volume and bandwidth. There are a few more, but these three are the most important. Let's take everything in order and in more detail.

Clock frequency

It is measured in megahertz (MHz) and is directly responsible for the speed of operation. The processor and memory work together. And the overall performance will depend on how they are balanced. One of the first (and main) characteristics that is indicated in the specifications.

• First moment

There is an opinion that the higher the megahertz memory, the faster the computer will work. But this is not entirely true, or rather not at all. If your processor does not support high-speed RAM, then there is absolutely no sense in buying fast memory. I think this is understandable, but there is another very important point.

• second moment

Unfortunately, I don’t do tests (yet), but by searching the net for all sorts of graphs, you can understand the following. What is, let's say some kind of processor and with it they test strips with different frequencies, both fast and slow. And like, there is no difference from fast memory, or it is minimal. I can from personal experience just say the following.

It all depends on the processor itself and the applications that run on it. There are processors that support high MHz memory, but this will also be of no use if this processor itself is slow.

Let's say your percent supports 4000 MHz bars, but the percent itself is weak. You bought 4000 MHz memory and you are waiting for a miracle. But he won't. Your system will work about the same as if you had set the 2000 MHz bars. The processor simply will not be able to process the data stream that the RAM can supply to it. The speed of the entire system rests on the capabilities of the CPU. This is a very subtle moment and needs to be felt.

The optimal solution is yours

It is necessary to understand a certain balance, certain frames in which it is worth fitting. This is what I mean if you want to invest money wisely when buying. If there is a lot of money to invest in a computer, then you can take the maximum and do not worry. I can’t give exact regular figures, since relying on other people’s tests is also not true. I'll just say one thing. At the moment, the era of the new DDR4 is coming and they are no longer trying to assemble on DDR3.

The optimal choice when buying DDR4 will be from 2600 to 3200 MHz. There is little variation in prices. Accordingly, the more, the better. If your CPU is not very fast, take memory closer to 2600. Is the processor average or slightly above the average segment? Take 3200.

If you take above 3200, then you will have to take a more powerful processor, since there is a high risk that the slower processor will not be able to open the faster memory. If you take the system for games, then there will be little that depends on the memory. There is some influence of the RAM on fps, then it is minimal. In games, the main emphasis is on the video card and processor. I think it's clear, let's move on.

Volume

This is a rhetorical question here. Too much is a waste of money, too little is the way to the brakes. This parameter, as you probably know, is measured in Gigabytes (GB). And it affects how many processes the memory can process simultaneously. Or whether it will be able to process any big-heavy process at all.

Each running program (process) takes up some amount of RAM. Also, each tab in your browser takes up a separate piece of RAM. It is clear that the more it is, the better. But if you have a limited budget, then it is better to calculate it.

This characteristic also affects the speed, but indirectly. Example: if you have 1 GB of fast DDR4 at 4000 MHz, then your brakes will be hard. The reverse is also true. If you have 16 GB of slow 200 MHz, then the brakes will also be hard. Again, balance is important. You need to rely on your needs. I can only give some recommendations.

• If you only surf the Internet, then 4 GB is enough for you. Well, maybe 5 in some cases.
• If the Internet and games are in medium settings, then 8 GB. In principle, this is now the golden minimum that computers are equipped with.
• You also use cool programs like Photoshop or Vegas and play games at high settings - that's 16 GB.

More than 16 is already a reserve that you are unlikely to use completely. That is, the memory will be half empty. The only exception to large volumes is that you draw, for example, 3D models. But in principle, 16 is enough with the head. This is at the time of 2019.

In any case, additional dice can be purchased later if you do not have enough. If you have a lot of money, then take as much as possible. You will be able to create an additional boost using . Another small addition: Windows itself, or any other OS, eats up a certain amount of memory by default.

Bandwidth

This parameter is not very important, since it essentially depends on the clock frequency. It is measured in megabytes per second of time (MB/s). The higher the memory frequency, the higher the bandwidth and vice versa. I personally do not pay attention to it, since it is only a reflection of speed in a more understandable form. That is, the frequency of operation is probably not very clear to buyers, but the transfer rate of megabytes is more clear.

There is also a pitfall

Bandwidth is mainly compared with the capabilities of the processor. Namely, there is such a characteristic in its specifications as the “Gigabyte / sec limit” on the bus. Here for example i5 9400F:

But there is a big BUT. Value in Gigabytes! And in the characteristics of the memory is indicated in megabytes. A large margin is laid in the CPU and it is almost impossible to run into these numbers. Therefore, I do not look at this parameter.

Frequent confusion in module names

This is an important point at which beginners stumble when choosing. Yes, even the stores themselves confuse these numbers in their price lists. What am I talking about? Sometimes, at the beginning, the names of the bar models are written with such a designation as: “PC-12800, PC-14900”, etc.

These are numbers, or rather standards, meaning throughput in two-channel mode.

Sometimes some showcases even put these numbers showing single-channel mode. In one store it says so, in another it says differently. In short, this is also not worth paying attention to, as there is a more important parameter as frequency. These are just numbers showing throughput in single-channel and multi-channel operation.

Timings

This is also such a complex topic. Basically not very important. Timings are time delays between clock cycles. Timings are looked at last when studying the performance of RAM. I'll tell you right away.

The lower they are, the better. Faster RAM.

Timings grow with each new generation of DDR. And basically, the lower its frequency, the lower the timings. By the way, in BIOS you can lower them a little, by a couple of points. If you have two candidates for comparison, then choose the one with these values ​​below. Two identical models with other indicators will be different in speed if one has lower timings. The one who has them lower will be a little faster.

The increase from low timings is not that big. You will get a maximum of 5-7 percent performance increase from the fact that you choose dice with low values. I do not want to write much here, a little more in detail. This topic is too exaggerated in importance, I think.

Just try to keep the values ​​low. If there are no such options, then it's okay, you will not lose high speed.

I also remember people who go crazy over these numbers. They are from the same legion as those who choose carefully . Seriously guys, these numbers are milliseconds, why are you crazy about them ???

Some sites have such tricky designations as tRCD and tRP and CL. It all applies to the same parameters. CL is , tRCD is the opening time of the first line of the data code. tRP is the time between closing one process (line of code) and opening the next one. In general, all this applies to these parameters and I think there is no point in focusing on this.

Multichannel

Now it is hardly possible to find dies that do not support this chip. Multi-channel mode is the acceleration of work due to the number of bars themselves. The same plank process will be performed together.

This is something like a multi-core process. Similarly, it can be described as follows: let's say there are several bags of potatoes and they need to be dragged. Two loaders will do this job faster if they carry each bag together than each one by one. Three loaders even faster. The most popular is the 2-channel mode.

In my opinion, this is purely a marketing ploy. There is a benefit, but minimal, and they ask for money for it. If you do not plan to overclock, then this feature is useless for you. Yes, even if you will be engaged in overclocking, then it is quite possible to do without these xmp profiles.

In custody

In principle, all the main dismantled, though not carefully, but still dismantled. I have posts on almost every single item. Here I did not consider such questions as: low-profile, which DDR to choose (what generation), what type, how they differ for a laptop, what manufacturer, and the like. I tried to shove only the most necessary and not banal.

By choice, you need to create a separate post, since a sickly sheet has already rolled up here :). I think you can solve banal questions yourself. I hope I gave you information about the characteristics of RAM at the right time. Perhaps you are making a choice. If you have something to add or correct, then you are welcome in the comments.

And that's all I have. Goodbye friends and see you soon.

The concept of "computer memory" is very vague. It can include information storage devices or memory. Therefore, the characteristic of memory depends on what is at stake.

Computer memory is an element of a computer, a physical device, or a medium for archiving information. Used for calculations that take place in a specific period.

Briefly about system memory

The characteristics of memory began to be discussed as early as the 1940s. Then this element of the PC became important as well as the central processing unit. Since then, memory has been represented by a hierarchical structure, it can use several devices for recording data at once, each of which has its own characteristics and functions.

There are several types of memory. The most commonly referred to is the dynamic storage device - RAM. Although this should also include a hard drive, disks, flash drives and previously used floppy disks.

Storage tasks

To determine the characteristics of memory, you need to understand its purpose. This part of the PC stores the system state and information in its cells. "Electronic cells" can remember the physical impact. To access such information, you need to use a special mechanism.

The access process itself is a step-by-step process. Processes are time dependent and are divided into write and read operations. Memory controllers manage these actions. There is also an erase operation that fills cells with the same values.

Storage Features

Of course, the main one is long-term data storage. Together with the CPU, it is included in the von Neumann architecture, on which the entire system of modern computers is built.

The first models used memory as an archive for processed information. They were developed according to a special program, which required the rigid implementation of sequential processes. Everything changed with the emergence.

All stored data has been converted to bits. Therefore, the dependence on the physical principle, the system of calculation and other factors has disappeared. Now any data: text, image, video, etc. - can be represented as a sequence of bit strings. Thus, it became possible to "compress" text files into 1 MB.

Since engineers have not yet developed a universal device that could perform many tasks at once, it is necessary to install several storage systems at once.

Types of computer memory

To go to the technical characteristics of memory, you need to consider its types.

It should be noted right away that there are two types of classifications: one describes the functionality of memory, the second describes its technical implementation.

Since we are talking about the characteristics of recording systems, we will consider the classification of storage devices.

Main groups:

• the form of the recorded information;
• the possibility of recording;
• the possibility of rewriting;
• appointment;
• energy dependence;
• access type.

These are the main groups that describe PC memory in terms of technical implementation.

Recorded Information

All recording systems can be divided into analog and digital. In the first case, the signal is represented by parameters that are described by a function of time and have a continuous set of possible values.

Digital are designed to write, store and read data that has been converted into a digital code. The characteristics of this type of memory are:

• information capacity;
• power consumption;
• data storage time;
• work speed.

Recording capability

This group of storage devices, as the name implies, is characterized by the ability to record. So, there are systems on which data can be written:

• only factory-manufacturer;
• user with special mechanism;
• end user with the same machine that uses the memory.

The latter type just includes all existing storage devices in a PC.

Overwriting capability

A similar group that contains three subgroups:

• devices having a single entry;
• reprogrammable mechanisms that can enter and change data several times, but at the same time have either a limited number of write cycles, or write information more slowly each time;
• multiple recording devices.

The last subgroup is represented by hard drives or flash drives.

Purpose

The following group has its own specifications:

• RAM stores data of system processes;
• internal - represented by devices that can store data for a long time;
• external - can also store data for a long time, but most often serves as a backup archive or information carrier;
• there are devices that identify or make payments.

Energy dependence

One of the key characteristics of PC memory. Devices may or may not depend on energy. In the first case, all data is lost after a power outage. In the second - the information remains on the custodian.

Volatile devices can be static or dynamic. In the first case, to save the data, it is enough to maintain the power of the mechanism, in the second, the information is destroyed over time, and in addition to saving the power, it is necessary to carry out regeneration.

Access

This point also plays an important role in characterizing PC memory. There are several access options. For example, magnetic tapes work with sequential reading, and random access memory.

Hard drives provide direct access, while database devices provide associative access.

Basic elements of a PC

Since it makes no sense to talk about all the variations of memory, let's consider the one that is used in a modern user's computer.

When assembling a system or buying a ready-made one, you can find a motherboard inside the chassis. It usually houses all the main parts of the PC. There is a central processor, without which it is difficult to imagine the operation of the system, there may be a video card, although it is also an optional element.

Motherboards have RAM - computer RAM, the characteristics of which will be described below. You can also connect external memory to the PC. It can be represented by a solid state or hard drive, optical device or flash memory. All these elements are supported by the power supply.

Inner memory

Another element of the system, which is definitely worth mentioning. The fact is that many people think that internal memory is a hard drive. Actually it is not.

The internal memory is organized in cells on the motherboard. It can be fast volatile and constant. The first group just includes RAM, and with it the cache of two levels. The constants include ROM and CMOS RAM.

ROM or ROM is non-volatile memory that stores immutable data. To make it easier to understand: conditionally, it contains a set of rules and algorithms by which the system can function correctly. The mouse moves in the specified direction, "Start" opens on demand, etc.

CMOS RAM did not appear immediately. Previously, only ROM BIOS was used. But it was solved by the addition of this non-volatile operating system. It collects information about time and date, alarm clock and various PC configurations.

Cache is called scratch memory. This PC memory has few characteristics. It has a very small volume and works only in conjunction with a microprocessor and RAM. The main task: to speed up the overall operating time and data processing speed.

RAM

Since this is one of the main elements of the system, we need to dwell on this issue in more detail. is a volatile device in the system that stores the machine code and intermediate data that the processor works with. RAM works when the PC is on. Memory exchange occurs directly or through the cache.

Since this is a volatile device, the data on it is available only when voltage is applied. If the power to the RAM is interrupted, even for a fraction of a second, then the information may be destroyed or distorted.

With the development of technology, it became possible to turn on the energy-saving mode. In this case, the main characteristics of RAM go into "Sleep". If the PC is put into hibernation, then the RAM power will turn off, but before that, the memory will transfer the saved data to the ROM in the hiberfil.sys file. When the system is resumed, this file releases the data "into the wild".

RAM in modern systems

If you have ever seen the design of a PC inside the chassis, then you know that the RAM is represented by dynamic memory modules that house semiconductors.

There are dynamic and static types. The first one is cheaper but slower. Its density is higher, so more memory cells are placed on one crystal. Hence the reduced speed.

But static memory is very fast, but expensive. At the moment, it is unprofitable to use it in RAM modules, so it is placed in the design of the cache memory and the microprocessor.

The main characteristics of RAM

This volatile device has a lot of parameters. That is why when buying modules there are problems with the choice. But if you understand at least the basic parameters, the picture becomes clearer.

The average user should be aware of:

• type;
• volume;
• frequency
• manufacturer.

The characteristics of RAM include the type of RAM - this is one of the main parameters that people pay attention to. If you miscalculate with it, then the module may not fit on the motherboard. During the existence of the "RAM", its types have been actively changing.

Until recently, DDR3 was the most popular. Now this type on sale is the cheapest. But many advanced users prefer DDR4. This is due to both its improved performance and lower voltage and power consumption.

In 2020, they plan to introduce DDR5 to the market, which will be twice as fast and more energy efficient than its predecessor. It is assumed that the density will be increased, and, accordingly, the volume.

RAM

Of course, the characteristics of 2 GB RAM differ from the same 4 GB module only in size. Otherwise, there may not be any differences if these are models of the same manufacturer.

The volume is always of interest to the user most of all, since the performance and health of the system depends on it. This has become especially true with the release of time-consuming games that can be turned off due to a lack of “RAM”.

If the PC is working, then 4 GB of RAM will be enough. The characteristics of gaming systems are more demanding. In this case, it is better to get 16 GB of RAM.

RAM frequency

Another parameter that you should pay attention to when buying RAM. With each new series, the frequency increases, which also affects the throughput.

But don't think that installing high-frequency memory will noticeably increase performance. In addition, not every system can unlock the potential of the RAM module.

RAM manufacturer

This is not the main characteristic of RAM, but sometimes it is very important when buying RAM. Some manufacturers provide high-quality, but expensive products. There are those that have stood out by producing different series for desktop, gaming PC or server stations. The most popular now are: Kingston, HyperX, Corsair and Samsung.

Characteristics of laptop RAM

The RAM parameters for a laptop are practically the same as the full-length versions. Uses a low-loop dual-sided SO-DIMM memory module. This is the same format for all laptops. It was specifically designed for systems with limited space.

In addition, you will have to pay attention to the volume. Now the 4 GB module remains optimal for work. The memory type is better to choose DDR4, since it has already been improved and is still the best among the rest.

External memory: disk

This type of memory includes many types, but it makes no sense to consider everything, since some of it is no longer used - for example, floppy disks. Even optical discs are going out of use. Therefore, we will consider the characteristics of external computer memory for hard (HDD) and solid state (SSD) drives.

It makes no sense to separately consider the parameters of each of the devices, since they are almost the same. The only thing is that SSD is a more advanced version of HDD.

Among the main characteristics of this type of memory devices, several parameters are distinguished. The SATA interface is used in both drives. Capacity is a parameter that can reach 10 GB. Although this does not happen in the case of an SSD, since the device itself is very expensive, and such a volume will not be in demand. But for a 10 GB HDD, though unusual, but real.

Physical size is a characteristic that is also called the form factor. The HDD is 3.5 inches, the SSD is 2.5 inches. Also, the characteristics include indicators of energy consumption. Solid state drives will always have lower values. But the number of input operations and outputs, on the contrary, is higher for SSDs.

External memory: flash drives

Not to mention flash drives. They also refer to computer memory and have technical specifications. Their task and parameters:

• save information;
• transfer data from PC to devices;
• operate independently powered and have low power consumption;
• non-volatile;
• high speed;
• compact.

Flash drives can be in the form of a small card that is placed in cameras, camcorders, navigators, smartphones and tablets, registrars and other devices.

Among their characteristics, it is worth highlighting the format, volume and speed of data recording. Each device requires a different type of flash drive, so when choosing, you should carefully study this issue.

There are also external drives - USB flash drives. They differ from "cards" in that they have more volume, size, speed and consumption. There are also different variations of the standards, although the most popular is still USB A.

A lot of time has passed since the creation of such a drive. USB versions have also changed: 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0. The latter is only being introduced to motherboard and PC panels, but is the fastest. It is blue in color to avoid confusion with previously released formats. But if you connect it to the USB 2.0 connector, then it will adapt to it.

conclusions

The basic characteristics of computer memory are difficult to generalize because the devices in the system are very different. Apparently, therefore, they have not yet developed a universal mechanism that would combine RAM, ROM, SSD, and even flash memory.

On the other hand, it would not be entirely user-friendly. Therefore, each device has acquired its own characteristics, which are influenced by the manufacturer, cost, popularity and other factors.

So, RAM has a volume, frequency of operation, voltage and type. Similar characteristics for external drives (HDD and SSD). The buyer looks at the form factor, interfaces, volume and overall performance. Even a flash drive has similar parameters, among which there is again volume, format, speed.

Despite such similarity in technical characteristics, these devices are responsible for their specific tasks. RAM stores temporary information about the processes on the PC. But the hard drive and solid state drive store personal information of the user and the system. A flash drive also stores any data, but it can be a “carrier” to other devices.

Greetings, dear readers! Today we will analyze the main characteristics of RAM and its purpose. There will be no exciting stories about how, from ancient times, the problem of data storage was acute for mankind and a humanoid ape that climbed down from a palm tree carved the first memory bar from a cobblestone - this will not help in any way when choosing RAM for your computer.

From this article you will learn:

What is RAM and why is it needed

If we draw an analogy with the work of the human brain, RAM is a short-term memory. She, for example, remembers the item “Water the ficus on the way from the kitchen to the bedroom” and the like. You can conduct a small experiment: ask a person who is passionate about a computer game or writing a story to stir the soup after 15 minutes. With a high degree of probability, he will forget to do this - the task is simply replaced by new data.

In a computer, the RAM is a kind of link between the hard drive and the processor. On a running computer, RAM stores part of the executable code of programs and the OS, as well as all intermediate data. It makes no sense to store all this on the HDD and even SSD: the speed of reading information is much lower for the fastest hard drive.

And by the way, this still happens when the RAM is full, when the paging file comes into play, writing to the hard drive everything that does not fit in the RAM. The process can be detected even by eye according to the characteristic symptoms - a significant decrease in the speed of the PC.
The processor can communicate with the RAM both directly and through the hardware cache. Since RAM is volatile, when the power is turned off, the information contained in it is erased. Even a slight power surge is enough to cause a reboot of the workstation.

That is why it is recommended to save all changes in the documents you are working with if you are going to move away from the computer. And don't forget to save from time to time! In hibernation mode, the computer writes the contents of the RAM to the hard drive.

I almost forgot the main thing: the RAM is a long narrow bar, in most cases located vertically on the motherboard. Usually this is a green module if the manufacturer has not equipped it with an additional cooler or radiator.

So, let's look at the main technical parameters of the RAM, which will help you make the right choice.

Memory types

In general, the topic of types of RAM deserves a separate publication. I will say this: the standard determines most of the parameters and significantly affects the performance of the computer as a whole.

Those who are interested in delving into such subtleties can read the corresponding one. Here I repeat the recommendation: when buying components, be guided by the DDR4 standard as the most modern one - we don’t want a new computer to become obsolete in a year, right?

Volume

A parameter that affects the amount of information that one bar can remember. Today, 2 GB of RAM is enough for an office "workhorse".

The exception is the computer of a designer working with Photoshop and similar voracious programs. In this case, 4 GB is not always enough. For a home media center that is used to watch movies, karaoke, listen to music, surf the Internet and other joys, 4 GB is also quite enough.
Gamers have recently (as always) suffered the most: to launch modern games Even 8 GB may not be enough. If you think about the future, it is better to equip the computer with 16 GB - it is not known what delicious igrodely "roll out" even in the spring of next year.

An example is Far Cry 5, the latest shooter from the cult series, which features an open seamless world. The transition between locations is imperceptible, provided that the amount of RAM is sufficient to remember all immovable objects, as well as the position of the hero, his companions, opponents and equipment.

As for musicians, the required amount of RAM depends on other equipment. For a guitarist who outputs the sound of an electric guitar through Guitar Rig, 4 GB is enough. For an electronics engineer who uses FL Studio and other DAWs (digital audio workstations), especially several at the same time, 8 GB may not be enough.

Frequency

Roughly speaking, this is the bandwidth of the channels that transmit data to the motherboard and then to the processor or hard drive. The higher this figure, the better for performance. However, such a bar will be more expensive.

When selecting components, it is highly desirable that the frequency of the RAM coincide with the frequency of the motherboard.

Buying RAM with a frequency higher than that of the motherboard does not make sense - it will not be able to work faster than the "base" allows.

Timings

What are timings and how they affect the performance of the RAM as a whole, we will analyze in a separate one. For now, it's enough to know: this is a characteristic of the delay in data being transferred between different RAM modules. The lower this value, the higher the speed of the RAM.

Working voltage

The minimum voltage sufficient for stable operation of the memory bar at standard timings and frequency settings. Their increase during overclocking requires an increase in voltage, respectively. This, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the temperature of some motherboard blocks and can affect the performance and stability of the system as a whole. What did you think? Overclocking your computer is not just for you to press the buttons, but the appropriate buttons in the correct sequence.

Part manufacturer

As for me, this parameter does not play a role at all. However, many will disagree with me, because they trust some manufacturers and completely ignore others. If you are one of these, then I can recommend the following as well-proven manufacturers:

• Kingston;
• Transcend;
• Samsung;
• Corsair;
• hunix.

In general, any bar of RAM goes through a multi-stage quality control and, at the slightest discrepancy with the standards, simply does not get on the counter.

Naturally, no one is immune from the manifestation of hidden defects or the failure of a part for reasons that cannot be rationally explained. However, like any electronics.

In conclusion, I want to add that almost all home computers are also used as a game console - the only difference is in the games launched and the time devoted to them. You can read about the impact of RAM on performance in games.

Thank you for your attention and see you in the next posts. Thanks to everyone who shares them in social networks. And don't forget to subscribe to the newsletter to stay up to date with updates.

RAM is a special microcircuit used to store all sorts of data. There are many varieties of these devices, they are produced by various companies. The best manufacturers are most often of Japanese origin.

What is it and why is it needed?

RAM (the so-called RAM memory) is a type of volatile microcircuit used to store all kinds of information. Most often it contains:

• machine code of currently executing programs (or those in standby mode);
• input and output data.

Photo: RAM from different manufacturers

Data exchange between the CPU and RAM is carried out in two ways:

• using an ultra-fast register ALU;
• through a special cache (if available in the design);
• directly (directly via the data bus).

The devices under consideration are circuits built on semiconductors. All information stored in various electronic components remains accessible only in the presence of electric current. As soon as the voltage is turned off completely, or a short-term power failure occurs, then everything that was contained inside the RAM is erased or destroyed. The alternative is ROM type devices.

Types and amount of memory

The board today can have a volume of several tens of gigabytes. Modern technical means allow you to use it as quickly as possible. Most operating systems are equipped with the ability to interact with such devices. There is a proportional relationship between the amount of RAM and the cost. The larger it is, the more expensive it is. And vice versa.

Also, the devices in question may have a different frequency. This parameter determines how fast the interaction between the RAM and other PC devices (CPU, data bus and video card) is carried out. The higher the speed of work, the more operations the PC will perform per unit of time.

The value of this characteristic also directly affects the cost of the device in question. The modern fastest modification can "remember" 128 GB. It is produced by a company called Hynix and has the following performance characteristics:

All modern RAM can be divided into two varieties:

• static;
• dynamic.

static type

More expensive today is a static chip. It is marked as SDRAM. Dynamic is cheaper.

Distinctive features of the SDRAM variety are:

Also distinctive feature RAM is the ability to select the bit in which any information will be written.

The disadvantages include:

• low recording density;
• relatively high cost.

Computer RAM devices of all kinds (SDRAM and DRAM) have external differences. They are in the length of the contact part. It also has a different shape. The designation of RAM is both on the sticker label and printed directly on the bar itself.

Today there are many different modifications of SDRAM. It is designated as:

• DDR2;
• DDR3;
• DDR4.

dynamic type

Another type of microchip is designated as DRAM. It is also completely volatile, the bits of the record are accessed randomly. This type is widely used in most modern PCs. It is also used in those computer systems where the requirements for delays are high - the speed of DRAM is an order of magnitude higher than SDRAM.

DRAM - dynamic memory

Most often, this variety has a DIMM type form factor. The same design solution is used for the manufacture of a static circuit (SDRAM). A feature of the DIMM design is that there are contacts on both sides of the surface.

OP parameters

The main criteria for choosing chips of this type are their operating parameters.

You should focus primarily on the following points:

• work frequency;
• timings;
• voltage.

All of them depend on the type of a particular model. For example, DDR 2 will perform various actions unambiguously faster than the DDR 1 bar. Since it has more outstanding performance.

Timings is the delay time of information between different components of the device. There are quite a few types of timings, all of them directly affect performance. Small timings allow you to increase the speed of various operations. There is one unpleasant proportional relationship - the higher the speed of the RAM, the greater the timings.

Exit from this provision is to increase the operating voltage - the higher it is, the smaller the timings become. The number of operations performed per unit of time increases at the same time.

Frequency and speed

The higher the bandwidth of the RAM, the greater its speed. The frequency is a parameter that determines the bandwidth of the channels through which data of various kinds is transmitted to the CPU through the motherboard.

It is desirable that this characteristic coincides with the permissible speed of the motherboard.

For example, if the bar supports a frequency of 1600 MHz, and the motherboard does not exceed 1066 MHz, then the speed of data exchange between the RAM and the CPU will be limited precisely by the capabilities of the motherboard. That is, the speed will be no more than 1066 MHz.

Performance

Speed ​​depends on many factors. Highly big influence this parameter is affected by the number of slats used. Dual channel RAM is an order of magnitude faster than single channel RAM. The ability to support multi-channel modes is indicated on a sticker located on top of the board.

These designations have the following form:

To determine which mode is optimal for a particular motherboard, you need to count the total number of slots for connection, and divide them by two. For example, if there are 4 of them, then you need 2 identical strips from the same manufacturer. When they are installed in parallel, Dual mode is activated.

Working principle and functions

The functioning of the OP is implemented quite simply, writing or reading data is carried out as follows:

Each column is connected to an extremely sensitive amplifier. It registers the electron flows that occur when the capacitor is discharged. In this case, the corresponding command is given. Thus, there is access to various cells located on the board. There is one important nuance that you should definitely know. When an electrical impulse is applied to any string, it opens all of its transistors. They are directly connected to it.

From this we can conclude that one line is the minimum amount of information that can be read during access. The main purpose of RAM is to store various kinds of temporary data that are needed while the personal computer is turned on and the operating system is functioning. The most important executable files are loaded into RAM, the CPU executes them directly, simply storing the results of the operations performed.

Photo: interaction of memory with the processor

Also in the cells are stored:

• executable libraries;
• key codes that were pressed;
• results of various mathematical operations.

If necessary, everything that is in RAM, the central processor can save to the hard disk. And to do it in the form in which it is necessary.

Manufacturers

In stores you can find a huge amount of RAM from a variety of manufacturers. A large number of such products began to be supplied precisely from Chinese companies.

To date, the most productive and high-quality products are the following brands:

• Kingston;
• Hynix;
• Corsair;
• kingmax.
• Samsung.

It is a compromise between quality and performance.

Table of characteristics of RAM

Random access memory of the same type from different manufacturers has similar performance characteristics.

That is why it is correct to carry out the comparison, taking into account only the type:

Comparison of performance and price

The performance of RAM is directly related to its cost. You can find out how much a DDR3 module costs at the nearest computer store, you should also familiarize yourself with the price of DDR 1. By comparing their operating parameters and price, and then testing it, you can easily verify this.

It is most correct to compare RAM of the same type, but with different performance, depending on the frequency of operation:

Type of	Operating frequency, MHz	Cost, rub.	Speedwork, Aida 64,Memory Read, MB/s
DDR3	1333	3190	19501
DDR3	1600	3590	22436
DDR3	1866	4134	26384
DDR3	2133	4570	30242
DDR3	2400	6548	33813
DDR3	2666	8234	31012
DDR3	2933	9550	28930

In Aida 64, testing of all DDR 3 was done on identical hardware:

• OS: Windows 8.1;
• CPU: i5-4670K;
• video card: GeForce GTX 780 Ti;
• motherboard: LGA1150, Intel Z87.

RAM is a very important component of a PC, greatly affecting its performance. That is why, to increase it, it is recommended to set bars with a high frequency and small timings. This will give a big increase in computer performance, it is especially important for games and various professional programs.